Uneven Earth

by Dennis Schüpf and Regina Ruete

On the 14th of January 2023, a large-scale demonstration of around 35,000 people proved that the evicted village of Lützerath (Germany) has reignited the climate movement’s determination. Several organizations converged to express their resentment against lignite mining, including climate activist Greta Thunberg. Lignite is the energy source that has the largest climate impact, and the Rhenish lignite mining area is the largest cause of CO2 emissions in Europe. Russia’s war in Ukraine, however, has raised concerns regarding Germany’s energy security, and the country has turned back to coal for the short term.

A group of protesters gather in front of the infamous edge of the Garzweiler II coal mine. The wheel of the dredger moving closer to what remains of Lützerath.

Lützerath has been swallowed by the coalmine ‘Garzweiler’ owned by the highly contested energy giant RWE. Even though the eviction of the village, which has been occupied by climate activists, proceeded faster and with more violence than expected, the protesters’ willingness to break through police chains to get to what was left of the besieged village was remarkable. In Germany, more than 300 villages have already been dredged for lignite, and Lützerath was one of the last ones. 

Tree houses set up by climate activists in the village of Lützerath. Makeshift buildings inside the occupied village of Lützerath.

Before the activists’ eviction, and only after an exhausting judicial fight, the last farmer in ‘Lützi’ finally capitulated, as his former neighbours had: he had agreed on a deal for relocation and compensation with RWE. During the last weeks of his fight in court, climate activists arrived in Lützerath and set up a camp to fight against the farmer’s resettlement. Once he left Lützerath, in January, thousands of people gathered there to defend the village against the destruction caused by lignite mining. The activists came from all over Germany and Europe determined not to give up an inch – this was a fight against fossil fuel companies and weak climate protection. 

Protesters and police forces building blocks at the demonstration. Protesters and police forces building blocks at the demonstration.

However, Lützerath was not only a venue for resistance. Over the course of two years, the village became a utopian experiment. Grassroots democratic and self-governing infrastructures were built within the camp. This included a press office, a large kitchen with vegan food, organized donations of materials and supplies, workshops, and much more. Here, the capitalist system was not only criticized in the strongest terms, but a counter-alternative was also embodied by the occupiers.

Scenery inside the occupied village, activists prepare a high monopod to delay the eviction.

A hundred years old history of dispossession and relocation

Prior to the climate protest at the gates of Lützerath, clearance and displacement had been taking place for a hundred years in German coal mining areas: A consistent history of making way for the coal excavators that are still digging their way through German landscapes. Over the past century, up to 300 villages have been cleared for coal mining, displacing and resettling over 100,000 people. While most places were abandoned without significant resistance, the new RWE deal, laying out the eviction of Lützerath, has been widely contested by various actors in society.

A colorful alliance of resistance consisting of various actors, including drummers that accompany the protest.

The infamous agreement between RWE, the federal economics minister, Robert Habeck, and the minister for economy in North-Rhine Westphalia’s state, Mona Neubaur, both from the “Die Grüne” (Green) party, was made in October 2022, against the backdrop of the current energy crisis due to Russia’s war in Ukraine. The deal extended the use of two coal units that were supposed to shut down by the end of 2022 for 15 more months, and at the same time opted for a faster coal exit. Thus, lignite-fired power generation in the Rhenish mining area must nominally end in 2030 instead of 2038 – although it remains unclear whether emissions will be saved in this scenario, since now it is legally possible to emit more in less time. 

A protester that has been teared down is lying in front of the police without moving. Police forces aiming to prevent protesters from moving closer to Lützerath.

However, uncertainty remained as to whether the coal in Lützerath’s ground is actually needed. It also remains unclear whether emissions can actually be cut on the basis of the deal since it is now legally possible to emit more in less time. Despite social pressure, the government has made no efforts to reevaluate the situation. At its core, the deal lacks clarity regarding the actual energy security threat to Germany, but also it remains questionable whether RWE’s early coal phase out will actually cut emissions. A study reveals that coal will no longer be profitable after 2030 due to higher prices and taxation on GHG. Besides, as early as April 2022, the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW) stated that the excavation of further villages due to underlying lignite reserves won’t be necessary to satisfy the demand for electricity.

One way or another, the site of Lützerath legally belongs to Germany’s energy giant RWE, which sued its way to the last instance to earn the right to clear the site. Following this line of argumentation, German politicians frequently referred to the fact that the government must adhere to its principles, namely the rule of law.

Day and night RWE’s dredger continues digging new layers in search of lignite.

Coalition building: Diverse actors with a common goal

Claims raised by the opposite side, however, eagerly point towards Germany’s obligation to commit to the 1.5°C goal that has been agreed upon in Paris. Here, it is argued that burning the 280 million tons of coal that lay beneath Lützerath would evidently lead to missing this target. In Germany, the climate advocacy group Fridays for Future (as well as larger organizations such as Greenpeace) have centered greenhouse gas emissions in their political discourse. This discourse centering around the political failure to reduce emissions, however, was not the only motivation behind the emergence of resistance. Interestingly, in the case of Lützerath, many diverging perspectives came to the surface with different motivations, sometimes revealing uncomfortable differences. 

Two activists wearing glasses to be protected from teargas.

While the struggle of local residents, such as farmers, is closely linked to their relocation away from their beloved place of origin, the majority of protesters relate to the mentioned obligation of committing to climate goals. On the one hand, local resistance has been carried out by movements such as “Alle Dörfer bleiben!” (ADB, “All villages remain!”) with the objective to save all villages threatened by coal mines in Germany. On the other hand, Greenpeace and Fridays for Future joined forces for a nation-wide mobilization on climate protection grounds. As for the last farmer standing, greenhouse gas emissions surely were not the catalyst for his rebellion against the eviction, but rather his ancestral family farm.

On climate protection grounds – The 1.5 goal agreed upon in Paris.

Further, the “Kirche(n) im Dorf lassen!” (“Keep the churches in the village!”) initiative’s declared goal has been the fight for the protection of the churches. Arguing for the preservation of God’s creation, the Christian organization takes part in the climate justice movement taking a stand against the destruction through coal mining that causes global catastrophic events. Special religious services were even held outdoors in front of the opencast mine of the Tagebau Garzweiler.

Despite their differences, local residents and climate activists coming from these diverse civil society organizations discovered common ground in resistance with a common goal: Lützerath has to remain. In order to streamline their action and mobilize resources, favorable discourses were fostered and coalitions needed to be built to ultimately create a momentum for social change. While ADB, consisting of citizens, villagers and climate activists, functioned as a mediator between different organizations, the MAWA (“Mahnwache Lützerath”) offered support by engaging in legal issues.

In a way, the social movements around Lützerath demonstrated how to bridge gaps between climate activists and local residents as well as communities in a collective resistance against the capitalist destruction of the village and surrounding areas. Bundling this collective action also contributed to the momentum on January 14th, when nearly 35 000 protesters joined the massive mobilization.

The police blockade is being disrupted and protesters are getting ready to conquer the space. Climate activists break through the police barriers which lined up in front of the Lützerath village.

Beyond Lützerath: a Latin American perspective

“Energiewende” (“energy transition” in German) is Germany’s long term energy and climate strategy to shift from fossil and nuclear energy to renewables. By 2030 the country should reduce 65% of its CO2 emissions compared to 1990 levels and, by 2045, it is expected to become carbon neutral. However, the benefits of the energy transition are not only measured in CO2 reductions and climate protection. At the same time, the government seeks to minimize its dependence on energy imports and positions the country as a world leader in new, innovative and “environmentally friendly” technologies. Within the adopted and announced measures, wind and solar power, as well as hydrogen, are included as key issues to achieve these goals. Ironically, RWE plays an important role in this transition. In partnership with Shell, BASF, OGE and other companies, RWE takes part in more than 30 hydrogen projects. 

Energy transition means much more than the production of clean energy. It includes subsidiary technologies such as the new infrastructures needed for the distribution of energy, batteries for its storage, and digital technologies. Germany plans to have 15 million electric vehicles in 2030. As a consequence, the demand for critical raw materials will increase, among which lithium, which is crucial for batteries. Recently, Germany’s chancellor visited Argentina, Chile and Brazil, with climate change and the energy transition among its top priorities. Lithium is truly needed to reduce emissions, but on the way to decarbonization, several controversies have arisen around new extractivisms that are being promoted in the name of climate protection. A study by the European Commission calculates that lithium demand will increase by more than 30% each year this decade, while 68% of the global lithium reserves can be found on high Andean salt plains. These are wetlands that can be found in Argentina, Bolivia and Chile. In line with a long colonial history, extractivism in Latin America has always meant displacement of local people and destruction of landscapes.  

A protester broke through the lines sitting on a power box behind police horse forces. A policeman is watching the crowd.

When asked about these issues, the German foreign office replies that no mining (or any other project related to the production of clean energy) should be done without social and environmental justice, and that due diligence will guarantee this. Officially, critical raw material mining is not promoted without the necessary procedures to guarantee people’s rights and protection of the ecosystems that can be affected by the activity. Then, the remaining question is whether these procedures are really enough to prevent new displacements, dispossessions and destructions in the region. The problem is not easy to solve because, for example, Argentina is currently undergoing a socioeconomic crisis and is eagerly looking to position itself on the world map as a strategic lithium provider. Unfortunately, this urgency often threatens the time that is needed to guarantee the free and informed consent of indigenous and local peoples, or to take the necessary measures required to protect Andean wetlands and other crucial ecosystems.

Climate activist – “RWE räumen!” (Evict RWE)

Although the German energy transition policy aims to reduce greenhouse gas emissions that cause environmental and social disasters in other parts of the world, it also generates new risks and geographical displacement of the problems – generally to countries in the Global South. If we link the Lützerath case with the energy transition proposed by Germany, we can see how, in the current global climate scenario, one extractivism is replaced by another. Mining that is prevented in this country for the elimination of coal as an energy source will be replaced by mining in other regions to achieve the infrastructural needs of  its energy transition. These new global connections (atmospheric, commercial, political, etc.) that climate change is creating need renewed democratic debates that include all the risks posed by the alternatives in decolonial terms. This means asking hard questions to understand how strategies planned in Europe might affect people and ecosystems in other parts of the world.

A climate protester plays his harp in the messy midst of the protest.

Dennis Schüpf is a freelance documentary photographer and PhD candidate at IDOS (German Institute of Development & Sustainability), doing research on environmental justice issues and climate change adaptation. In his photographic work he is concerned with the attempt to visualize socio-natures, revealing power relations that form contested landscapes of environmental conflict. He has a master’s degree in International Development Studies and a strong interest in combining visual storytelling with environmental research.

Regina Ruete works on participatory processes related to environmental conflicts in Argentina. She planned and executed many relocation processes there. Currently, she is a guest researcher at IDOS (German Institute of Development & Sustainability) researching adaptation of river basins to climate change, as an Alexander von Humboldt fellow.

The post Lützerath bleibt! first appeared on Uneven Earth.

Photo: Jesse Pratt López via Vice

Once a month, we put together a list of stories we’ve been reading: news you might’ve missed or crucial conversations going on around the web. We focus on environmental justice, radical municipalism, new politics, political theory, and resources for action and education.

We try to include articles that have been published recently but will last, that are relatively light and inspiring, and are from corners of the web that don’t always get the light of day. This will also be a space to keep you up to date with news about what’s happening at Uneven Earth.

Belated new year’s greetings and welcome to our first newsletter of 2023! This time, you’ll be able to read up on biodiversity and colonialist conservation; the battle to save Germany’s Lützerath from being swallowed by a coal mine; the ‘Cop City’ protests in Atlanta, Georgia to save the South River Forest; nuclear fusion; why fake meat is just another food fad; psychedelics and climate activism; international struggles for justice; and so many other important topics.

If you find these lists useful, you can support us by sharing them on social media and with your friends and family!

A small note that the articles linked in this newsletter do not represent the views of Uneven Earth. When reading, please keep in mind that we don’t have capacity to do further research on the authors or publishers!

Top 5 articles to read

Beyond Meat (BYND), Impossible Foods burgers are just another food fad

‘We’ll fight until the end’: a journey through the centre of Peru’s uprising

Another uprising is in the making in Tunisia

Canada birthed a mining industry in Chinese-occupied Tibet

We are ‘greening’ ourselves to extinction

News you might’ve missed

How Ghana, Africa’s rising star, ended up in economic turmoil

OpenAI used Kenyan workers on less than $2 per hour to make ChatGPT less toxic

Death in the marshes: environmental calamity hits Iraq’s unique wetlands

Sweden’s shameless pursuit of ”green minerals” generate a conflict with the Sami people

Where we’re at: analysis

Contesting cannibal capitalism. Nancy Fraser on the destructive nature of our system.

Paying for an overheating Earth. The euphoria over the creation of a loss-and-damage fund was well justified, but the struggle is far from over.

The labor of land. In order to better resist contemporary, neocolonial accumulation, we need to historicize land grabs in Africa.

Ecomodernism on its own terms

Biodiversity and colonialist conservation

The world is losing its biological complexity

The collapse of insects

‘We used to have everything’: Western conservation models threaten Indigenous rights, says new report

Why 30×30 would be the worst possible outcome of COP15

Harriet Friedmann reviews George Monbiot’s Regenesis

Decolonizing nature: How “wilderness” dispossesses Indigenous People

Global struggles

Fighting Amazon’s neo-colonialism in Cape Town

An unsolved murder amid Costa Rica’s Indigenous land disputes

Inside the battle to save the sacred peyote ceremony: ‘We’re in dire straits’

What we are saying is freedom, not the veil 

Turkey is starving the Rojava revolution

Mennonites deforest Peruvian Amazon, encroach on Indigenous lands

Land conflicts targeting Indigenous communities intensify in Northern Guatemala

‘How are we going to live?’ Families dispossessed of their land to make way for Total’s Congo offsetting project

Lützerath, Germany

HSBC’s secretive loan to a coal company bulldozing a village 

Beating, kicking, tearing down houses – how police, RWE, and the German state are causing climate catastrophe in the German Rhineland

Cop City in Atlanta, Georgia

Activists occupying the woods to block ‘Cop City’ face terrorism charges

Documents show how 19 ‘Cop City’ activists got charged with terrorism

‘Assassinated in cold blood’: activist killed protesting Georgia’s ‘Cop City’

Stop Cop City! Revisiting degrowth & permanent ecological conflict

Cities and radical municipalism

Luisa Cáceres: Commune-building in urban Venezuela

Why knowing your neighbors could save you in the next climate disaster

Tiny Free Stores & Libraries of Everything: Steps towards a post-capitalist future

‘You’re not welcome’: Mexico City residents decry Airbnb

Greener cities promote social and climate inequalities: 28-city study

Zimbabwe plans a new city for the rich as Harare decays

Barcelona offers free transit to residents who ditch their cars 

Fusion

Fusion net gain is manufactured ignorance

Nuclear fusion: Don’t believe the hype!

Clean energy or weapons? What the ‘breakthrough’ in nuclear fusion really means

Fusion power may run out of fuel before it even gets started

Just think about it…

The 1 percent are many times worse than the rainforest wreckers

How much should inequality be reduced?

Reliance on hi-tech solutions to climate crisis perpetuates racism, says UN official

On nuclear energy

The hidden underwater forests that could help tackle the climate crisis

BlackRock says we’re all doomed. It’s being optimistic

Casteism and climate change: a deadly combination in South Asia

Tripping for the planet: Psychedelics and climate activism

Degrowth

All we are saying is give degrowth a chance. A decade ago, a container shipping worker had an epiphany, and it caused him to question the very basis of his business.

Degrowth can work — here’s how science can help

Degrowth will be fun!

Sci-fi, art and storytelling

The definitive climate fiction reading list – 20 books to explore cli-fi

Resources

Comic: The corporate capture of food systems 

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The post January readings first appeared on Uneven Earth.

Getty Images, via VICE

Once a month, we put together a list of stories we’ve been reading: news you might’ve missed or crucial conversations going on around the web. We focus on environmental justice, radical municipalism, new politics, political theory, and resources for action and education.

We try to include articles that have been published recently but will last, that are relatively light and inspiring, and are from corners of the web that don’t always get the light of day. This will also be a space to keep you up to date with news about what’s happening at Uneven Earth.

On this month’s list, you’ll find a bunch of readings on the COP15 and COP27, worker exploitation behind AI innovation, the disastrous environmental impact of the World Cup in Qatar, the importance of working less, the growing popularity of degrowth, and so much more. We also linked a website you can use to get past paywalls! We don’t always have time to run articles through it before adding them, so keep the page bookmarked for those we might miss.

If you find these lists useful, you can support us by sharing them on social media and with your friends and family!

A small note that the articles linked in this newsletter do not represent the views of Uneven Earth. When reading, please keep in mind that we don’t have capacity to do further research on the authors or publishers!

Uneven Earth updates

Las promesas vacías de las Soluciones Basadas en la Naturaleza: los casos de Shell y BP | Las SbN encubren la falta de interés de las grandes corporaciones y gobiernos por lograr emisiones cero reales

Top 5 articles to read

AI isn’t artificial or intelligent. How AI innovation is powered by underpaid workers in foreign countries.

The World Cup in Qatar is a climate catastrophe

Getting out of the food-energy-climate crisis

Having more fun is good for the planet

The Degrowth Paradox – degrowth is growing. A Twitter thread.

News you might’ve missed

Climate activists, including scientists, are arrested in protests at private airports

Barcelona students to take mandatory climate crisis module from 2024

It’s official: France bans short haul domestic flights in favour of train travel

Revealed: How the livestock industry funds the ‘greenhouse gas guru’

Brazil, Indonesia and DRC in talks to form ‘Opec of rainforests’

UK power station owner cuts down primary forests in Canada

Where we’re at: analysis

Taking back the mountains 

Roshan Krishnan on energy democracy, carbon offsets, and finding a political home

Global struggles

Escape from the closed loop. Protests in China are shining a light not only on the country’s draconian population management but restrictions on workers everywhere.

From Ürümchi to Shanghai: Demands from Chinese and Hong Kong socialists

Is the world paying enough attention to Indigenous mental health?

Lost and damaged: the COP

The biodiversity crisis in numbers – a visual guide

COP27 and imperialism: Weaving a crown of thorns for the Global South

Greenwash and techno-babble take us towards catastrophe. We need to turn the great power of social movements against them

‘Extractivism’ is destroying nature: to tackle it Cop15 must go beyond simple targets

“Loss and damage” is not enough: Why we need climate reparations

CCS causes the problem it fails to solve

Chasing future biotech solutions to climate change risks delaying action in the present – it may even make things worse

Cities and radical municipalism

Recycling our cities, one building at a time

A challenge for cities: Going green, without the gentrification

A YIMBY and a “Left NIMBY” duke it out

Paris became a cycling success story—and built a roadmap for other cities

Food politics

The fertiliser trap: the rising cost of farming’s addiction to chemical fertilisers (report)

Just think about it…

Where have all the snow crabs gone?

The spirit of the wetlands

Huge decline of working class people in the arts reflects fall in wider society

The ”I have NO friends” loneliness epidemic

Degrowth

Degrowth on CNN: A dangerous idea or the answer to the world’s biggest problems?

Our obsession with economic growth is deadly

‘Green’ tech can’t save us from climate change

Gurus of degrowth: Say hello to the ancient cynics

What is the theory of degrowth? Gustavo Petro’s development proposal

Degrowth can work — here’s how science can help 

‘Now is time to hold degrowth as the banner of environmentalism’ 

Sci-fi, art and storytelling

Architect Indy Johar: ‘The scale of what we’re about to face is completely underestimated’

Can solarpunk save the world?

Octavia Butler’s science fiction predicted the world we live in

What if we cancel the apocalypse?

Resources

Archive.today to get past paywalls on articles

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The post November readings first appeared on Uneven Earth.