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File:  ltr to Congress, 76 scientists 2012.pdfResource Type: Letters

File:  ltr to Congress, 76 scientists 2012.pdfResource Type: Letters

On May 16th, 2026, dozens of supporters gathered at the beautiful Oak Hill Farm in Glen Ellen, shared food grown just a few steps from the table, and talked about one of the most pressing challenges of our time: how do we protect our communities from the growing threats of wildfire and extreme heat?

During our traditional Annual Sonoma Leadership Council Luncheon, supporters raised over $150,000, surpassing our goal in 20% and making it one of our best fundraising events ever, to fund climate resilience work underway across the Bay Area. A huge thank you to our incredible host and supporter, Arden Bucklin-Sporer.

The funds raised at the event will go toward concrete, on-the-ground work:

• Expanding wildfire buffer strategies countywide and helping homeowners take proactive mitigation steps.
• Advancing zoning policies that steer development away from the highest-risk areas.
  Strengthening local Fire Safe Councils with coordination and resources.
• Running community workshops that help Southwest Santa Rosa residents recognize heat risks early and protect their health.
• Creating opportunities for young people to take an active role in shaping climate solutions in their own neighborhoods.

We’ve captured some wonderful moments from the day—view event photos here.

Focusing on Solutions for Wildfire Resilience

After years of devastating fires in Sonoma County, the question is no longer whether the threat is real; it’s what to do about it. The Sonoma Luncheon has become a hub for discussing this topic and the cutting-edge solutions that are emerging in the region.

Over the past several years, Greenbelt Alliance partnered with the Sonoma County Agricultural Preservation and Open Space District and local organizations to develop the Interwoven Greenbelt Buffer—a first-of-its-kind, landscape-scale approach to wildfire risk reduction.

Rather than treating parcels of land in isolation, the model uses data and cross-sector collaboration to “weave together” conserved lands, working agricultural lands, and developed neighborhoods into coordinated buffer zones. The goal: reduce wildfire intensity before it reaches homes, protect biodiversity and farmland, and shift communities from reactive disaster response to proactive, landscape-level prevention.

It’s a scalable concept, and one that could serve as a model not just for Sonoma County, but for fire-prone communities across California and the Western US.

Rising Threat of Extreme Heat 

As a major driver of intensifying fires, extreme heat is becoming one of the region’s most dangerous public health threats. Over the past decade, Southwest Santa Rosa alone has seen nearly 10,000 heat-related emergency room visits.

In response, Greenbelt Alliance is partnering with Latino Service Providers to develop a community-led Extreme Heat Action Plan for Southwest Santa Rosa, one of our Resilience Hotspots. The effort, supported by the Governor’s Office of Land Use and Climate Innovation, centers the people most affected—agricultural workers, families, and youth— in designing the solutions. It’s a process built on community knowledge, cultural responsiveness, and local leadership.

Our Marin Resilience Manager Jessie Rountree put it simply at the luncheon: climate solutions aren’t just possible. They’re already happening.

Help Make a Difference

As we look ahead, we invite you to continue standing with us in this critical work. With your support, we can expand these solutions across the region and safeguard the places we all love.

Every year, we host this event for our Sonoma Leadership Council, a group of supporters in the North Bay who donate $1,000 or more annually towards the work we do in the region. Our work would not be possible without our donors, and this is a great opportunity to thank them and help raise funds for ongoing projects in Sonoma County and beyond. If you would like to donate toward our work or join our Sonoma Leadership Council, click here. 

Thank you again to our wonderful supporters for helping us work to build a safer and more resilient Sonoma County! 

 

The post Funding Solutions for Fire and Heat at Sonoma Luncheon appeared first on Greenbelt Alliance.

In 2021, amidst a wave of corporate net-zero targets, a campaign group called Investors for Paris Compliance was set up in British Columbia, aiming to use investor pressure to hold Canadian companies to account on their climate promises.

In the five years since, the group has notched up several wins: pressuring National Bank into providing $20 billion of finance to renewable energy, getting Royal Bank of Canada to improve its green finance labels and persuading 20-25% of investors to regularly back climate proposals at annual general meetings (AGMs) for shareholders.

But last month, the group’s then executive director Matt Price put out a statement saying it was shutting down. Despite some progress, Price explained, his organisation had concluded that “investor accountability has reached its limits”.

Companies and their investors often understand that climate change threatens the economic system, Price said. But, he added, they do not respond adequately because they are worried that, if they do, their competitors will not put in as much effort and could therefore gain a financial advantage.

• Jun 2, 2026 Energy Santa Marta process can confront trade protection for fossil fuels, experts say Academics at the first fossil fuel phase-out summit urged governments to recognise investor protection treaties as a barrier to the energy transition Read more
• Jun 3, 2026 Comment Indonesia’s failing Just Energy Transition Partnership is a cautionary tale The government has abandoned its plan to shut down a major coal plant, which was a key part of the deal, raising doubts about the donor-backed approach Read more
• May 26, 2026 Clean Energy Frontier After another battery startup bankruptcy, can Europe ever cut reliance on China? Norway’s Morrow Batteries set out to challenge Chinese producers, but a cash crunch forced it to file for bankruptcy in a setback for European ambitions for clean energy sovereignty Read more

This “tragedy of the commons” situation cannot be fixed by shareholder advocacy, Price said, but instead needs litigation, regulatory action and accountability mechanisms. “Some of our team will take those things on in new initiatives,” he said.

Price’s words echo the findings of a London School of Economics (LSE) report published last month, based on workshops with asset owners and managers in New York, Amsterdam, London and Singapore.

Government policy key

The LSE report noted that “action by investors on climate change is severely constrained by their duties, the limited tools at their disposal and the pathways of technology development”. To be effective, pressure from climate-conscious investors must be coupled with government policy that incentivises green investment and technological innovation, the authors concluded.

An investigation by the Guardian recently found that, despite overwhelming shareholder support for its climate action plan, Australian mining company BHP has carried on buying polluting diesel trucks instead of electric ones. The Australian government subsidises diesel, saving BHP hundreds of millions of dollars a year.

As EU acts to stop greenwash, funds drop climate claims from their names

Lindsey Stewart, director of institutional insights for investment research firm Morningstar, told Climate Home News that investor activism does work but it “doesn’t do everything that people expected it to do towards the beginning of the 2020s”.

“There is a limit to what can be achieved by minority shareholders exercising their votes and engaging with companies. Quite a lot, it does seem, is reliant on the legal and regulatory framework,” he said, adding that the closure of Investors for Paris Compliance shows this “realisation is sinking in a lot more than perhaps it was in 2020, 2021, 2022”.

Decline of investor activism

Stewart said that in the early 2020s, investor activists were pushing companies for “things that were sort of already on the regulatory conveyor belt anyway”, like companies setting targets for their operational (Scope 1 and 2) emissions, disclosing their carbon footprints, and assessing their exposure to risk from climate change.

With this low-hanging fruit picked, green-minded investors have moved on to make demands that are more controversial and have received less support from other investors, he said. He gave examples of just transition reporting, green capital expenditure financing ratios for banks and disclosing emissions from the use of products a company sells, known as Scope 3 emissions.

On top of this, Stewart said, there has been pressure from the “right-wing political establishment in the US” against investors taking climate change into consideration. BlackRock, which manages $9.5 trillion of assets, has walked back its climate commitments after pressure from US Republicans.

More fundamentally, Stewart described the idea that fossil fuel majors would dismantle their oil and gas business and transform into renewables companies as a “pipe dream on the part of environmentalists”. “Why would they have the skill or capability, or even the stakeholder backing, to completely transform a business of that size?” he asked.

Shareholder activism is only possible at privately owned and listed companies, while most investment in oil and gas is now coming from state-owned companies, like Saudi Arabia’s Aramco. In 2025, less than a quarter of investment was from oil majors like BP and Shell.

Business backlash shows power

Yet despite the uphill climb, Mark van Baal defends shareholder activism. He runs an Amsterdam-based campaign group called Follow This, which has tried to get investors to vote for pro-climate resolutions at the AGMs of oil and gas multinationals.

He accepts that success peaked around 2021, but says the effort oil and gas firms are now putting into winning over shareholders and discouraging pro-climate resolutions – which he characterised as “the Empire Strikes Back” – shows the power of shareholder activism, which was previously underestimated.

Mark van Baal is the head of Follow This (Photo: Follow This)

In January 2024, ExxonMobil sued Follow This, aiming to block the group’s climate resolution. Fearing the case would end up in the Supreme Court, where conservative judges could set an anti-climate precedent, Follow This withdrew the resolution.

But, said van Baal, although the legal battle created a “chilling effect among investors”, it is a “proof point that shareholder pressure works and that they’re really afraid of the shareholders”.

Vote, don’t sell

Stewart and van Baal both agreed that selling, or threatening to sell off shares is not an effective way to change a company’s behaviour.

It allows less climate-conscious investors to buy the shares, they said, adding that there is no evidence that threats to sell shares and therefore lower the valuation over climate concerns have influenced company management.

Van Baal said the share price is set by short-term traders, not long-term shareholders like the pension funds he works with.

How Shell is still benefiting from offloaded Niger Delta oil assets

Nonetheless, investors’ engagement should be forceful, van Baal insisted – and not just within their comfort zone of talking to management about sustainability behind closed doors without voting for it at AGMs. “Shareholder democracy is the only democracy where voting is called escalation,” he said.

The Follow This website says that only investors can stop fossil fuel companies destroying the planet. “Marches didn’t change their minds. Lawsuits didn’t stop them. But shareholders can,” it trumpets.

But van Baal told Climate Home News this wording is “too strong” and may have to be revised, adding that shareholder activism just “fits me more than gluing myself to roads” and is a tactic he “stumbled on” 11 years ago.

Legal, political and investor activism can reinforce each other, he added. When Friends of the Earth sued Shell alleging inadequate climate action, for example, the green group’s lawyers cited the company’s rejection of a Follow This resolution as evidence. “The pressure needs to come from all sides,” van Baal said.

The post Investor climate group closes down, blaming “limits” of shareholder activism appeared first on Climate Home News.

Reform run councils do not represent local opinion on climate

Image by Mick Holder

The increased number of Reform run Councils reversing climate emergency declarations and rowing back on limited but essential climate mitigation and adaptation measures should not be confused with popular support for them on this issue; even in areas where they have won with a landslide. 

Friends of the Earth have produced a very useful study of popular opinion – and the key environmental/climate issues – for every local authority in England. You can find yours by typing your postcode into the home page here. 

An example is Thurrock, where Reform won 45 seats out of 49 in May, but; 

• 71% of people are worried about the climate crisis, 

• 60% think it should be a government priority 

• and 75% support renewable energy.

This concern is also reflected among existing Reform voters nationally, almost twice as many of whom would back a solar farm over fracking as the best way to create energy in their local area when forced to pick between the two (43:23%). The figures for voters in general are even more strongly opposed to Reform policy, with 60% choosing solar over 10% choosing fracking.

Back in Thurrock, there are serious climate and environmental issues affecting people’s everyday lives that any council will have to address; however you label them: 

• 52% of homes are poorly insulated, 

• 100% of neighbourhoods have air quality below WHO standards, reflecting poor local public transport, non existing cycling infrastructure and too few public EV chargers, 

• 54,480 people are at extreme risk of flooding, 

• only 28% of household waste is recycled 

• and 89% of neighbourhoods have less than 20% tree cover.

Every other Reform dominated area will have a similar, but specific, profile and this is an area of political vulnerability for them.

Check out your own local authority, gain strength from the knowledge that Reform Councillors are a loud minority standing on very thin ice (which is getting thinner as it gets hotter) and think about how to campaign on the key problems, and who else to do it with. 

Paul Atkin 

 

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The post Reform run councils do not represent local opinion on climate first appeared on Greener Jobs Alliance.

Each summer, people in mosquito country slather themselves with DEET, or diethyltoluamide, the synthetic liquid widely seen as the most effective mosquito repellent around.

But in some situations, they might be turning themselves into mosquito magnets, according to new research published in the Journal of Experimental Biology.

The discovery makes for interesting insights into why DEET is usually so effective. It’s also a cautionary lesson about nature’s adaptability in the face of human ingenuity, and to not take for granted the promise of such seemingly bullet-proof inventions as DEET.

“We need to understand how mosquitoes keep outsmarting our control strategies,” said Clément Vinauger, a Virginia Tech researcher who took part in the research and has spent years plumbing the behavior of mosquitos.

The stakes are much more than a few scratchy bites. Mosquitoes can spread dangerous blood-borne illnesses including malaria, dengue and yellow fever, killing an estimated 1 million people every year.

The use of DEET has been a mainstay of dealing with these biting insects, usually by spreading it on people’s skin or clothes. But despite its widespread use since its invention in the 1940s, it’s not entirely clear why it works. Does it trigger some kind of irresistible physiological reaction in mosquitoes? Or can insects overcome that response and come to tolerate or even like the smell?

To figure that out, Vinauger and his collaborators took a page from the work of Russian physiologist Ivan Pavlov, who famously showed that he could train dogs to salivate at the sound of a bell, because they had learned to associate it with food.

 

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In a sense, the new experiments took it even a step further. What of an animal could become so conditioned that it would seek out a disgusting physical sensation, such as a terrible smell?

To figure that out, the scientists took laboratory-raised Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, a species that spreads yellow fever and dengue. They enclosed individual insects in a plastic cylinder topped with wire mesh. They lowered a warm bag of sheep blood toward the mesh and watched to see how often a female mosquito tried to poke its proboscis into the bag. Some mosquitoes were tested in a DEET-free setting. Others were offered a blood bag while being perfumed with DEET. In a third version, mosquitoes were allowed to feed on the bag unmolested for 10 seconds, then had DEET wafted into the chamber while feeding for another 10 seconds.

For each version, individual mosquitoes went through their routine three times, to drive home the behavioral lesson.

Then the scientists exposed each trained mosquito to the smell of DEET minus the actual blood bag. Most of the ones that had never encountered DEET before or had a constant dose of the chemical while the blood was presented reacted as we might expect. They showed little interest in feeding.

But the ones that had started feeding and then encountered the DEET smell did the equivalent of Pavlov’s salivating dogs. They acted as if they were going to bite, even when there was no blood bag.

To see if this response could be replicated in a more realistic situation, mosquitoes were exposed to the two hands of scientist Ayelén Nally of the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina. Just one of her hands was doused in DEET. Mosquitoes without any special training all headed toward the DEET-free hand. But more than half the trained mosquitoes showed a preference for the hand covered in the insect repellent. (Nally didn’t shed blood for the experiment – there was a mesh barrier blocking the mosquitos.)

The startling results suggest that rather than a hardwired physical response, the repellent might work because it evokes the smell of natural occurring repellents such as chemicals from a plant, the scientists suggested. “What we are showing is that the mosquito’s brain can rewrite that response based on experience. What the insect has learned matters just as much as what the chemical does,” said Vinauger. “That, I think, is a paradigm shift.”

That doesn’t mean people should toss away their DEET. It’s still highly effective in many cases. “If you’re in tropical regions where disease risk is real, you should use it,” he said.

But people might need to use it more thoughtfully. “Instead of applying a lot at once, you may want to reapply regularly so it’s always active and providing continuous protection,” Vinauger said.

That way, mosquitoes won’t get close enough to take a bite and begin associating the smell with a snack. Because if they do, then you might just be putting on mosquito perfume.

Lazzari, et. al. “Associative learning switches DEET valence from aversive to appetitive in Aedes aegypti.” Journal of Experimental Biology. May 28, 2026.

Image: ©Anthropocene Magazine

Headline News:

• “Markey Demands Trump Cancel DOE Plan To Give Private Companies Enough Plutonium To Build 2,000 Nuclear Bombs” • Senator Ed Markey implored President Donald Trump to cancel his DOE’s plan to give private companies enough plutonium to build around 2,000 nuclear bombs, warning the move raises a number of important concerns. [Common Dreams]

Senator Markey (USDAgov, public domain)

• “Almost Everywhere Will Face Above Average Summer Heat, WMO Warns” • El Niño will hit this summer with 80% certainty, according to the latest forecast by the World Meteorological Organization. El Niño is expected to leave virtually nowhere untouched, with above-average temperatures forecast around the globe for June to August. [Euronews]
• “The UK Government Set A Target Of An 87% Cut In Carbon Emissions By 2042” • The British government said that it will stick to its net-zero goal, despite pressure on energy supplies from global conflicts. It will reduce the UK’s planet-warming greenhouse gas emissions by 87% of 1990 levels in the next decade and a half. [ABC News]
• “What Hormuz Is Teaching Traders About Utilities” • The Strait of Hormuz shows how vulnerable electricity markets are to fuel price shocks, even after years of investment in renewable energy. The effects of the disruption are steadily working their way through natural gas markets, fuel contracts, and wholesale electricity worldwide. [OilPrice.com]
• “Sierra Club Applauds Northeast States For Challenging Trump Administration’s Illegal Offshore Wind Lease Buyout” • “These states recognize what this administration refuses to accept: Offshore wind lowers energy costs and strengthens our grid. Trump’s backroom buy-outs are a bad deal for families already struggling to pay their bills.” [CleanTechnica]

For more news, please visit geoharvey – Daily News about Energy and Climate Change.

Beberapa tahun lalu, aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan permainan angka masih banyak dilakukan melalui metode tradisional. Informasi disebarkan secara terbatas, pencatatan dilakukan secara manual, dan proses verifikasi membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lama.

Kini, berbagai platform digital memanfaatkan teknologi berbasis cloud untuk mengelola jutaan data dalam waktu singkat. Informasi dapat diperbarui secara instan, sementara pengguna dapat mengakses layanan melalui perangkat komputer, tablet, maupun smartphone kapan saja.

Transformasi ini menunjukkan bagaimana digitalisasi mampu mengubah sistem yang sebelumnya sederhana menjadi ekosistem teknologi yang jauh lebih efisien dan responsif.

Teknologi Keamanan Menjadi Prioritas Utama

Salah satu aspek yang paling berkembang dalam platform digital modern adalah sistem keamanan. Pengelola layanan online kini menerapkan berbagai lapisan perlindungan guna menjaga stabilitas sistem dan keamanan data pengguna.

Beberapa teknologi yang banyak digunakan meliputi:

• Enkripsi data tingkat lanjut.
• Sistem autentikasi ganda
• Pemantauan aktivitas secara otomatis.
• Proteksi terhadap serangan siber.
• Sistem deteksi anomali berbasis kecerdasan buatan.

Teknologi tersebut memungkinkan aktivitas digital berlangsung dengan tingkat keamanan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan era sebelumnya.

Pengalaman Pengguna yang Semakin Interaktif

Salah satu faktor yang membuat platform digital modern berkembang pesat adalah fokus pada pengalaman pengguna atau user experience. Tampilan yang responsif, navigasi yang mudah dipahami, serta desain visual yang menarik menjadi standar baru dalam dunia digital.

Saat ini, banyak platform mengadopsi desain minimalis dengan antarmuka yang intuitif. Pengguna dapat menemukan informasi yang dibutuhkan dengan lebih cepat tanpa harus melalui proses yang rumit.

Selain itu, teknologi real-time memungkinkan berbagai informasi ditampilkan secara langsung sehingga pengalaman digital terasa lebih dinamis dan interaktif.

Integrasi Mobile yang Mengubah Segalanya

Kehadiran smartphone menjadi salah satu pendorong utama pertumbuhan layanan digital modern. Mayoritas aktivitas internet kini dilakukan melalui perangkat mobile, sehingga pengembang platform berlomba menghadirkan sistem yang sepenuhnya ramah terhadap pengguna smartphone.

Optimalisasi mobile tidak hanya mencakup tampilan visual, tetapi juga kecepatan akses, efisiensi penggunaan data, serta kompatibilitas dengan berbagai sistem operasi. Hasilnya, pengalaman pengguna menjadi lebih praktis dan fleksibel tanpa terikat lokasi maupun waktu.

Data Analytics Menjadi Mesin Penggerak

Di balik tampilan yang sederhana, terdapat sistem analisis data yang bekerja secara terus-menerus. Teknologi data analytics memungkinkan pengelola platform memahami tren penggunaan, meningkatkan performa sistem, serta melakukan pengembangan layanan berdasarkan kebutuhan pengguna.

Melalui pengolahan data yang akurat, berbagai keputusan strategis dapat dilakukan dengan lebih cepat dan terukur. Inilah alasan mengapa analisis data kini menjadi salah satu aset paling berharga dalam industri digital modern.

Masa Depan yang Semakin Berbasis Teknologi

Perkembangan teknologi menunjukkan bahwa sistem digital akan terus berevolusi. blockchain, komputasi awan generasi terbaru, hingga otomatisasi berbasis machine learning diperkirakan akan semakin banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi dan keamanan platform online.

Dalam beberapa tahun ke depan, berbagai layanan digital kemungkinan akan menghadirkan pengalaman yang lebih personal, cepat, dan terintegrasi dibandingkan saat ini. Inovasi tersebut menjadi bukti bahwa transformasi digital masih berada dalam tahap perkembangan yang sangat dinamis.

Penutup

Togel online menjadi salah satu contoh bagaimana teknologi mampu mengubah sebuah sistem tradisional menjadi platform digital yang jauh lebih modern. Kehadiran cloud computing, kecerdasan buatan, analisis data, serta keamanan siber tingkat lanjut telah menciptakan ekosistem yang semakin canggih dan efisien.

Meski demikian, penting bagi pengguna untuk memahami bahwa setiap aktivitas yang melibatkan permainan uang memiliki risiko. Pemanfaatan teknologi sebaiknya disertai kesadaran digital, pemahaman terhadap regulasi yang berlaku, serta pengelolaan aktivitas online secara bertanggung jawab. Dengan begitu, perkembangan teknologi dapat dipahami dari sisi inovasi dan transformasi digital yang terus bergerak maju.

Freddie Daley is a research associate with the Centre for Global Political Economy at the University of Sussex. Charlie Lawrie is a postdoctoral associate at the University of Sussex.

In December 2025, Indonesia quietly abandoned plans to close the Cirebon-1 coal power plant. This was no ordinary power plant. Cirebon-1 was supposed to be the centre-piece of a $21.4 billion (£16.5bn) international deal backed by the US, UK, Japan and the EU to help Indonesia end coal use.

Indonesia’s so-called Just Energy Transition Partnership, or JETP, was launched at a G20 summit in Bali in 2022. Similar deals have been struck with South Africa, Vietnam and Senegal. They are widely regarded as the most ambitious attempt at getting international climate finance to end coal use in populous, coal-dependent middle-income countries.

The UK government once touted the JETPs as “a template on how to support just transition around the world”. This refers to efforts to ensure that the phase-out of fossil fuels and phase-in of low-carbon technologies is fair, inclusive and reflects the demands of workers and affected communities.

But if this approach cannot retire a single plant in Indonesia, the world’s fourth largest coal consumer, there is reason to question whether the model itself works. Our research suggests these partnerships are better understood as a cautionary tale.

Investors needed

The idea underpinning the JETPs is elegant in theory: use public money from rich countries to attract private investment for renewable energy projects and closing down coal plants.

Grants from governments and low-cost loans supposedly reduce the risk enough to bring in billions more from banks and asset managers. The public money “unlocks” the private money, and together they fund an energy transition that benefits the public through cleaner air, reliable energy and reduced climate risk. Win, win.

But across all four JETP countries, the private money has yet to materialise at the scale envisioned. In Indonesia, as of early 2025, only around $1.1 billion of public money had been disbursed. But the country’s plan for decarbonising electricity estimates it needs $97 billion in investment by 2030 – a cavernous gap.

• Jun 2, 2026 Energy Santa Marta process can confront trade protection for fossil fuels, experts say Academics at the first fossil fuel phase-out summit urged governments to recognise investor protection treaties as a barrier to the energy transition Read more
• May 29, 2026 Comment COP31 must persuade countries to make fossil fuel transition plans  As the Iran war disrupts oil and gas supplies, the UN climate summit should tackle fossil fuel dependency, energy affordability and energy access – national roadmaps are a good start Read more

More troubling still is the lack of consolidated financial reporting for the JETP funds. Fifty separate funding packages within the Indonesian JETP, all with their own financial instruments and accounting frameworks, make it all but impossible to track how much money has been spent.

As international climate law expert Lukas Bogner has argued, this kind of finance creates complex bureaucratic layers that recipient countries must navigate.

Why investors haven’t shut coal plants

Decommissioning a coal plant is not like building a new one. It means buying out existing contracts, compensating investors for lost future profits, and renegotiating complex legal agreements.

Even then, the electricity the plant provided still needs to be replaced. This requires further investment in generation systems that may not yet exist. Investors have little appetite for any of this, and the costs fall primarily on the state.

In fact, the supposed unlocking of private investment with public money raises a perennial tendency: private capital moves where returns are highest and risks lowest.

Investors in London and New York, for example, demand high returns from middle-income economies like Indonesia, yet baulk at complex regulatory environments, state-owned electricity companies, powerful coal interests and mounting sovereign debt burdens. Public money can make some projects more attractive, but will not remove the supposed political and economic risks investors see in countries like Indonesia.

The energy transition deal aims to wean Indonesia off coal, which now takes up nearly half of the country’s electricity mix. Photo: Kemal Jufri / Greenpeace The energy transition deal aims to wean Indonesia off coal, which now takes up nearly half of the country’s electricity mix. Photo: Kemal Jufri / Greenpeace

The JETP also means loading Indonesia with more debt. Of the $21.4 billion now pledged, only 2.6% comes in the form of interest-free grants. Most JETP finance would arrive as commercially-priced loans which Indonesia must eventually repay.

In other words, Indonesia is being asked to borrow more to decommission coal assets that currently generate government revenue and employment. At the same time, it will have to purchase renewable electricity from the privatised companies that would replace them.

In the words of one of our interviewees, the Indonesian state is expected to “pay twice” – once to close the old system, and again to buy power from the new one. Trade unions in Indonesia have been blunt about what this means in practice. Under the JETP model, they warn electricity will no longer be treated as a public good, but as a commodity that ordinary Indonesians will pay more for.

Why rich countries are “reluctant” on additional JETP coal-to-clean deals

The JETP model can also weaken the same state institutions needed to manage the energy transition. Countries that have managed rapid clean-energy booms, from China to Vietnam, have done so through strong state-owned enterprises, clear industrial strategies and the ability to direct investment and discipline business.

The JETPs, by contrast, are designed around a diminished role for the state and a central role for private capital. This happens through regulatory reform, the creation of new private markets, or through investor-friendly technologies.

In the case of Indonesia, this “de-risking” agenda explains the pressure to break up the national electricity company and sell off its assets – a prospect fiercely resisted by trade unions, civil society and even wealthy groups who profit from the existing system.

A broken model?

International climate finance remains important. Rich countries must still fund energy transitions in the Global South. But the Indonesian JETP suggests that relying on private investors to deliver coal phase-outs may be the wrong model.

Alternatives do exist, from proposals for much larger grant-based financing to the Bridgetown Initiative proposed by Barbados’s prime minister, Mia Mottley, which would use International Monetary Fund resources to support climate investment. More radical proposals call for publicly-owned, worker-led transitions. But so far, these ideas have made little progress.

Our research suggests just transitions are more likely when governments receive direct grants that help them retain the capacity to shape their own energy systems, and to support domestic industries through green industrialisation.

The failure to decommission Cirebon-1 matters beyond Indonesia. It suggests the world’s flagship model for financing the end of fossil fuels isn’t working. And the longer it takes to admit that, the harder the transition becomes – for Indonesia, and for everyone.

This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article.

The post Indonesia’s failing Just Energy Transition Partnership is a cautionary tale appeared first on Climate Home News.

Thin Blue Rage: The Police Countermovement, by Andrew Crosby and Jeffrey Monaghan (Fernwood Publishing, May 2026). The years following the George Floyd rebellions have witnessed...

The post Book Review: “Thin Blue Rage: The Police Countermovement” first appeared on Spring.

• Cities should densify their inner-ring suburbs to reduce car trips and greenhouse gas emissions, according to the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Another study of 15-minute cities found that, for every 10 percent increase in residents living in walkable neighborhoods, transportation-related carbon dioxide emissions fell by 5 percent. (Cities)
• Air pollution slows the lung growth of children, and even young adults up to age 24. (The Guardian)
• Financially, people who drive a lot and own an aging gas-powered car are better off buying an electric vehicle, which is also better for the climate. (NPR)
• From schedules to accessibility, transit agencies are not doing a good job of adjusting to an aging population of riders, according to a Chinese study of Asian and European cities. (The City Fix)
• The key to winning the PR battle over traffic enforcement cameras is to convince the public they’re not just a money grab by local governments. (CT Mirror)
• An Illinois law reforming Chicago transit governance and pumping $1.5 billion into the system took effect Monday. (Tribune)
• The transit agency in Montana’s capital city, Helena, is facing a $200,000 deficit and considering cutting service, primarily affecting the elderly and disabled. (Free Press)
• The Kansas City Streetcar is studying the feasibility of a third extension. (KCTV)
• Milwaukee Mayor Cavalier Johnson joined an annual mass bike ride through downtown to celebrate Wisconsin Bike Week. (WTMJ)
• What should Charlotte call its new transit-oriented, walkable arts and entertainment district? (Ledger)
• Riding e-scooters and other personal mobility vehicles has become a popular after-work activity in Canada. (CBC)
• Car Free America explains how Copenhagen built its famously excellent bike infrastructure.

On April 20, the Federal Highway Administration launched its “Freedom to Drive” initiative, asking governors to nominate their worst traffic bottlenecks for federal capacity expansion. On May 17, House transportation leaders released the draft BUILD America 250 Act — a $580 billion, five-year surface transportation reauthorization, which the House Transportation and Infrastructure Committee marked up on May 21.

Taken together, the two announcements amount to the largest federal sprawl subsidy in a generation, proposed at exactly the moment American households can least afford it.

There is a real freedom in being able to drive. But the “freedom” the initiative actually delivers isn’t “freedom” at all, because it leaves households with no alternatives.

For roughly 30 percent of Americans — children, older adults, people with disabilities, and households without a vehicle — driving is not an option. For nearly everyone else, the built environment makes it the only practical way to reach a job or a grocery store. We have grown so used to automobile dependence that we no longer notice the shackles. The “freedom” on offer is pure car-dealer Americana — red, white, blue, and one more promise that the next round of expansion will finally clear the traffic.

Recommended Trump’s ‘Freedom Means Affordable Cars’ Rings Hollow As Gas Prices Surge Kea Wilson March 30, 2026

Start with the household ledger. The Bureau of Labor Statistics reports that American households spent an average of $78,535 in 2024 — 33.4 percent on housing and 17.0 percent on transportation, more than half of household spending. The Center for Neighborhood Technology’s Housing + Transportation Affordability Index sets the combined affordability ceiling at 45 percent of household income, and most U.S. communities routinely exceed it.

But the H+T Index measures only direct household costs. It does not capture the federal subsidy that engineered the sprawl pattern, which households absorb, and it does not show how that subsidy gets returned in degraded form. 

Federal, state, and local governments spent $626 billion on transportation and water infrastructure in 2023, with highways as the largest category. Federal capacity expansion is increasingly deficit-financed, and households pay it back through inflated prices, eroded wages, and higher mortgage rates.

The road bill never goes away. It just gets routed through the dollar.

Recommended Congress Gave States Enough Money to Fix Every Road in America; Some States Set It On Fire Instead Kea Wilson May 11, 2026

Beth Osborne at Smart Growth America has argued for years that the federal performance-measurement framework is structurally biased toward expansion: we count vehicle throughput, not access, and the incentives push state DOTs to build new capacity rather than maintain what they already own. Her organization’s Repair Priorities reports have tracked this misallocation for over a decade. 

Chuck Marohn at Strong Towns arrives at the same diagnosis from a different tradition. He argues that the postwar suburban development pattern is financially insolvent because its maintenance liabilities exceed the tax base it produces, which he calls the “growth Ponzi scheme.”

Different schools, same conclusion: we are buying liabilities and calling them assets.

BUILD America 250 is the diagnosis in legislative form. It does real work—bridges need repair, freight matters, road workers deserve protection. But the architecture is backward. The bill cuts Safe Streets and Roads for All by $1.25 billion, eliminates the Carbon Reduction and PROTECT resilience programs, and repeals the Active Transportation Infrastructure Investment Program — the only dedicated federal source for closing gaps in walking and biking networks, whose first grant round was oversubscribed forty to one.

It then channels new money into capacity expansion at the moment traffic deaths remain at 39,254 a year. In their recent update of the U.S. sprawl index, Shima Hamidi’s Johns Hopkins team ties those deaths directly to the development pattern federal road dollars keep subsidizing: more vehicle miles and higher speeds, which lead to elevated rates of fatal and pedestrian crashes.

Recommended New House Infrastructure Bill: Cuts To Transit, Mixed Bag for Active Transportation Kea Wilson May 20, 2026

The fiscal logic gets worse. The federal gas tax sits at 18.4 cents per gallon for gasoline and 24.4 cents for diesel — unchanged since 1993. Users should pay for the infrastructure they use; that has historically been the conservative position.

But even as Congress writes new revenue streams to shore up the Highway Trust Fund, Washington is floating a gas-tax holiday in response to another Middle East conflict. The Bipartisan Policy Center estimates a five-month suspension would cost the trust fund roughly $17 billion — 46 percent of projected FY2026 fuel-tax revenue.

So the user fee that funds roads gets suspended because of an oil shock to which the road system itself made us all vulnerable — while Congress fills the gap by borrowing, and households pay back the borrowing through devalued wages.

That isn’t conservatism. It’s debt-financed dependency with a flag decal.

Recommended Advocates Decry Proposed ‘Gas Tax Holiday’ — And Offer Alternatives to Ease Pain at the Pump Kea Wilson June 23, 2022

A serious conservative transportation policy starts from three principles: maintenance before expansion, pricing before subsidy, and access before throughput.

Roads, freight, emergency access, and rural connectivity all matter. The argument isn’t road abolition. It’s fiscal sanity — and a refusal to keep mailing U.S. households the bill for a development pattern that bankrupts it.

America is not underinvesting in roads. It is overbuilding liabilities and underpricing their true cost. “Freedom to Drive” isn’t a new vision. It’s the same old invoice — stamped urgent, mailed to taxpayers, and wrapped in red, white, and blue.

On May 21, 2026, 15 candidates for City Council Districts 3 and 4 joined us for our Action Night Meet & Greet. We had an insightful, inspiring evening, and are so appreciative of the candidates that joined us and mingled with community members before and after sharing their campaign goals. We are also immensely grateful for 350PDX’s volunteers, staff, and board members that helped make this happen. It takes all of us! Check out photos by the luminous Dana Schot. And check out our video below which features each candidate discussing their campaign goals as they relate to our climate.

 

The post May 2026 Action Night! City Council Candidate Meet & Greet appeared first on 350PDX: Climate Justice.

Snowchange celebrates its 25th anniversary this month. Cooperative lands are close to 10,000 hectares across over 200 sites and through land concessions 63,000 hectares are under positive influence from rewilding. Indigenous and community delegates, staff and close allies gather on 16th June to Finland to celebrate.

Summer is here and the boreal and Arctic landscapes bathe in the night without night. New peatlands and forests have been added and we expect the 10,000 hectares to be reached in June. Karoliina leads the fisheries on traps, and catches have been plentiful. This month we also have seen media attention to the rewilding programme from GEO and Le Monde making extended visits.

June 16th we gather in Snowchange headquarters, members of the international steering committee, Indigenous delegates, community representatives and other friends and allies to celebrate SNOW25 through a new exhibit, and other means. We thank all supporters, friends and the like for this quarter of a century and will be back with summer news later in the month.

Purnukoski rapids rewilding area in Sodankylä

In a school in South Africa, a group of students stare at a row of small plants growing in a greenhouse. Each one is involved in the lesson, caring for the growing crops.

But this is no ordinary classroom setting. These children are learning about aquaponics, a method of growing plants and fish in a mutually beneficial water system. This ancient technique of food production is now being taught to millions of schoolchildren after being introduced by the South African government seven years ago.

Laerskool Kempton Park on the edge of Johannesburg was one of the first schools to introduce the subject with the aim of improving food security. This is a serious challenge in a country where an estimated 19.7 million people, or around 30% of the population, experience moderate levels of food insecurity, meaning that they struggle to afford enough food for a healthy, balanced diet.

Bringing the farm to school

Aquaponics is a way of supporting communities to access food in a sustainable and efficient way. The solution is simple: fish waste is turned into available nutrients by bacteria in the water. Plants absorb these nutrients and the cleaned water is returned to the fish tank.

There are multiple benefits to this approach. The system doesn’t require chemical fertilisers, soil or large tracts of land. It is also highly efficient, with recirculated water being used over and over again. This is an important feature in areas of South Africa that experience drought or unpredictable weather.

Agricultural subsidies can be repurposed for a just and sustainable rural transition

Aquaponics can offer a range of benefits depending on the local context. In South Africa, townships in major cities such as Johannesburg don’t always have the space to produce their own food, while in other places, such as the Northern Cape, extreme weather is making agriculture much harder.

Learners participating in a practical aquaponics lesson in Kempton Park. Image: INMED Learners participating in a practical aquaponics lesson in Kempton Park. Image: INMED Schoolchildren observing fish grown in an aquaponics system. Image: INMED Schoolchildren observing fish grown in an aquaponics system. Image: INMED

At Laerskool Kempton Park, the students have benefited from the innovative work of INMED, a non-profit organisation that supports vulnerable children and families in the country. 

INMED has trained hundreds of teachers and over 7,000 children on the benefits of aquaponics. With the help of funding from the Adaptation Fund through the UNDP-Adaptation Fund Climate Innovation Accelerator (AFCIA), the organisation was able to develop its own aquaponics system to be used in schools.

Scaling up the solution

INMED describes its prototype as a ‘plug and play’ system, designed to be modular and easy to install and manage. The system includes a 2,000-litre fish tank powered by a solar pump to circulate water. The design is simple with a view that it could be easily replicated across different school settings.

Unathi Sihlahla, director at INMED South Africa, told Climate Home News that “aquaponics speaks to a number of challenges… including limited access to nutritious food, high youth unemployment, water scarcity, and in many cases, poor or no access to arable land.” 

Giving nature breathing room builds climate resilience

INMED’s prototype allows communities to work around these problems as it doesn’t need soil and uses far less water than conventional agriculture.

“We’ve seen schools that previously had no food production now able to grow vegetables consistently, while also producing fish. That food often goes straight into school meals or supports vulnerable households nearby,” Sihlahla added. The project estimates that over 5,300 kilogrammes of food have been harvested in each quarter the system has been operating.

As aquaponics is now part of the school curriculum, many educational departments across South Africa have been looking at ways to teach the subject. INMED’s innovative design could provide a handy solution. The organisation has already started to roll it out across different provinces and a new collaboration with the Eastern Cape Provincial Department of Education is in the works. INMED is also scaling the ‘plug and play’ model in Tanzania.

Plant inspection at one of INMED’s ‘plug and play’ aquaponics prototypes. Image: INMED Plant inspection at one of INMED’s ‘plug and play’ aquaponics prototypes. Image: INMED Giving youth a sense of pride

For educators, teaching schoolchildren new agricultural skills is not only about improving food security, but also about creating the next generation of farmers. This group will need to grow food with the increased threat of extreme weather events and having knowledge of alternative methods, such as aquaponics, could be key.

“Agriculture is not seen as something young people want to go into, but when they are exposed to something like aquaponics, it feels modern and relevant,” said Sihlahla, adding that some students have started their own projects at home or are looking to continue studying the method.

“There’s also a sense of pride. Producing food that supports your school or community changes how young people see themselves and their role.”

Engaging the next generation

The Adaptation Fund’s support for young people extends beyond South Africa. Several other related projects aim to equip youth with practical skills for climate adaptation.

In Costa Rica, a $10-million project implemented by private foundation Fundecooperación included several creative youth-focused programmes in climate-vulnerable areas. It trained young people in coral reef restoration and farming techniques, involved high school students in community water resource monitoring and management, shared knowledge on adaptation through a theatre tour in schools, and created an art mural competition using AI. 

Extreme heat is rewriting food security. The best fixes are already within reach

In Lesotho, meanwhile, climate education is being integrated into the school curriculum through climate-smart agriculture materials and teacher training rolled out across primary and secondary schools. This is equipping students from an early age with practical, locally relevant knowledge to build resilience. 

“Children and young people are among the most vulnerable to climate change,” said Mikko Ollikainen, head of the Adaptation Fund. “These programmes are not only training young people in adaptation but empowering them.”

Adam Wentworth is a freelance writer based in Brighton, UK.

The post Young South Africans take up sustainable agriculture for food security appeared first on Climate Home News.

Just as Colombia – a coal-producing country that has halted new exploration licenses for hydrocarbons – was set to host the first fossil fuel phase-out summit in late April, the government received notice from a foreign energy firm operating on its soil. It was being sued for millions of dollars.

One day before Colombia hosted representatives from around 60 countries for the first Global Conference on Transitioning Away from Fossil Fuels, Spain-based firm Termocandelaria Power, which operates two of the country’s diesel- and gas-fired power plants, sued the government for $198 million alleging a breach of investor protection rules under a bilateral agreement.

Termocandelaria said government measures since 2024 have prevented its Colombian subsidiaries from receiving full payment for the power they supplied to a public utility, while the Colombian government justified its actions as needed to guarantee financial solvency and deliver electricity to rural communities.

While Termocandelaria declined to comment for this article, the company said in a press release last month that investment protection treaties “are designed to provide a stable and predictable legal framework for long-term investments in strategic sectors”.

The timing shows how trade agreements that offer investors protection when government decisions are seen as causing harm to their business – a system known as investor-state dispute settlement (ISDS) – can hamper the transition away from fossil fuels even when countries are pushing for it. Governments in the Global South are particularly exposed, experts told Climate Home News.

• May 29, 2026 Comment COP31 must persuade countries to make fossil fuel transition plans  As the Iran war disrupts oil and gas supplies, the UN climate summit should tackle fossil fuel dependency, energy affordability and energy access – national roadmaps are a good start Read more
• May 27, 2026 Clean Energy Frontier Recycling could meet half of Europe’s critical mineral needs by 2050 A new report by an EU-funded research project says the bloc could harness its “urban mines” to reduce its dependence on China for energy transition minerals Read more
• Apr 22, 2026 Sponsored To phase out fossil fuels, developing countries need exit route from “debt trap” New research from the Fossil Fuel Treaty Initiative shows that the Global South’s debt crisis is slowing down the pace of the energy transition and supporting fossil fuels Read more

As part of the official academic contribution to the Santa Marta conference, researchers recommended that governments should “recognise” ISDS as a barrier to the energy transition, and called for negotiations on an international initiative to dismantle ISDS protection for fossil fuel investments, either through “a new standalone” international agreement or as part of a broader treaty.

Mario Osorio, a research fellow at the Center for Economic and Policy Research (CEPR), said Termocandelaria’s claim against Colombia “puts in perspective how serious, concrete and real these threats are” for developing countries.

Osorio said the second fossil fuel transition conference – to be held next year in Tuvalu – presents an opportunity for advancing ISDS reform from discussion to “something more concrete”.

Plenary of the first conference on the Transition Away from Fossil Fuels in Santa Marta. (Photo: Ministry of Environment of Colombia) Colombia pledges to exit ISDS

ISDS is a mechanism in international trade that allows foreign corporations – many of them linked to fossil fuel interests – to sue governments in international arbitration courts. One 2022 study estimated that possible legal claims from fossil fuel investors could reach $340 billion.

In the lead-up to the Santa Marta conference, Colombian President Gustavo Petro pledged to exit the ISDS system by reviewing Colombia’s 129 investment protection agreements. This came after more than 200 economists sent Petro an open letter urging Colombia to abandon the ISDS system.

Eunjung Lee, a senior policy advisor at UK-based think-tank E3G, said the Santa Marta conference had helped elevate ISDS reform as a key element of the transition away from fossil fuels, despite the issue remaining relatively little-known, even among climate negotiators.

She added that governments tend to be cautious about discussing ISDS at climate summits, as these treaties also implicate trade and economy ministries. “If it is not your file, then you can’t really say much about it and taking action is not necessarily up to you,” she explained.

Kyla Tienhaara, Canada Research Chair in Economy and Environment and a professor at Queen’s University who has worked on the issue for two decades, said the conference in Santa Marta marked a new approach, and that Colombia had placed ISDS “prominently in the agenda”.

The next transition conference presents an opportunity for governments to land on something more practical, particularly under the agreed work stream on “macroeconomic dependence and financial architecture”, but it will depend on the co-chairs Tuvalu and Ireland, she said.

Ireland was sued in May by oil company Lansdowne for failing to award a lease in the Barryroe offshore field. The claim was made under the Energy Charter Treaty (ECT), which fossil fuel companies have used to sue several governments over the consequences of enacting their climate policies.

Following a similar move by some other European states, Ireland left the ECT in April while the Santa Marta conference was ongoing, but existing fossil fuel investments are still protected for 20 years under a “sunset clause”.

• May 8, 2026 News Indigenous groups warn Amazon oil expansion tests fossil fuel phase-out coalition South American nations like Ecuador, Peru and Brazil have led oil expansions in the Amazon rainforest, one of the most biodiverse regions in the planet Read more
• Jun 1, 2026 Comment Agricultural subsidies can be repurposed for a just and sustainable rural transition Achieving climate goals and zero waste without undermining farming communities requires financial support – a priority for the COP31 Presidency Read more

“Disappointing” conference report

Despite the prominence of the issue in the conference rooms, experts told Climate Home that the chairs’ takeaways report was “disappointing”, as it did not explicitly mention ISDS as a key obstacle to the energy transition.

The Netherlands, which co-hosted the summit, may have faced conflicting interests, said Tienhaara, as it is second only to the US as a “home state” for the investors bringing the most ISDS cases, including foreign companies structuring their investments through the country.

The Dutch government also withdrew from the ECT last year, which means it understands and has acted on the threat of investment treaties to climate action, the researcher said. “Unfortunately, they seem unwilling to extend their concern to the harm that these treaties cause in other countries, particularly in the Global South,” she added.

Lee of E3G said Global North countries like the Netherlands tend to export capital to developing countries, which is why they seek to protect their investors’ interests and are unlikely to drive a dismantling of the ISDS system themselves.

Developing countries like Colombia, which have been negatively affected by ISDS claims, have an incentive in “voicing their concerns” and forming a bloc around this topic. “Uniting Global South countries can make a stronger case,” Lee said.

The post Santa Marta process can confront trade protection for fossil fuels, experts say appeared first on Climate Home News.

By 2050, recycling could fulfill half of Europe’s demand for critical raw materials, according to a new analysis. The final report of the European Union-funded Future Availability of Secondary Raw Materials (FutuRaM) project provides the most comprehensive assessment yet of what the authors call Europe’s “urban mine”—seven different waste streams that contain materials necessary for green energy, digital technology, and modern industry.

Critical raw materials are a set of 42 elements identified by EU officials as key to the green transition but vulnerable to supply chain disruptions due to geopolitics. They include materials needed for batteries, electric vehicles, and solar and wind power infrastructure.

Today these materials are mostly sourced from outside the EU, including cobalt from China and the Democratic Republic of Congo, lithium from China and Australia, and platinum from South Africa. Such materials may be reusable in theory, but are often lost when products containing them are discarded today.

In the new study, researchers took stock of critical raw materials across all 27 countries in the EU, plus the UK, Switzerland, Iceland, and Norway. They mapped several waste streams containing these materials in greater detail than a previous iteration of the project had done, and added a few more.

The new analysis details critical raw materials in electrical and electronic waste; end-of-life vehicles; batteries; retired wind turbines; industrial slags and ashes; debris from building construction and demolition; and mining waste.

The researchers made their data available on the Urban Mine Platform, a website that helps visualize critical materials in waste streams across the bloc using a common and transparent methodology.

 

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In 2022, 5.2 million metric tons of critical raw materials were embedded in goods that entered the market, with 2.1 million metric tons embedded in discarded wastes and 1.4 million metric tons recovered, the researchers calculated.

A greater and greater mass of critical raw materials will be in circulation as electrification, renewable energy, and digital technologies accelerate. By 2050, between 8.4 and 12.2. million metric tons of critical materials could be placed on the market annually, annual waste generation could reach 5.2 to 6.4 million metric tons, and recovery could be 4.7 to 5.7 million metric tons.

More critical raw materials in circulation means more potential for recovery even in a business-as-usual scenario. On the current trajectory, recycling could replace about one-third of new critical raw materials needed by 2050. That figure rises to 47% with better recovery systems and up to 56% if strong efforts are made to develop a circular economy.

Currently, five critical raw materials including platinum and rhodium have well developed recycling programs and with recovery rates over 80%. But as many as 17 of the elements, including cobalt, lithium, and rare earth metals such as dysprosium and neodymium, could achieve recovery rates of more than 80% by 2050, the researchers assessed.

Recycling critical raw materials would improve the security of supply chains and enhance Europe’s technological and industrial independence, the report argues.

It would also save carbon emissions. Already, the net climate benefit of recycling critical raw materials from European waste streams amounts to about 39 million metric tons of carbon dioxide per year. By 2050, the emissions benefit could reach just over 200 million metric tons of carbon dioxide annually.

Unlike past assessments, the new report moves beyond quantifying the amount of materials present in waste streams and analyzes which ones are actually recoverable into usable secondary materials. The researchers adapted a UN approach to assess the feasibility of mining and energy projects to apply it to recycling. An online tool based on this rubric will help gauge which recycling efforts are most worth pursuing, reducing uncertainty for investors and aiding scale-up of recycling infrastructure.

Source: Iattoni G. et al. “Future Availability of Secondary Raw Materials: Project Final Report.” 2026.

Image: ©Anthropocene Magazine.

Headline News:

• “A €100 Billion Queue: Why Europeans Wait Years For Clean Energy” • Over €100 billion of renewables are stuck in Europe, as communities across the continent wait years for solar panels and heat pumps. A report found that 375 GW of clean energy projects and 455 GW of battery storage projects are trapped in distribution grid queues. [Euronews]

Wind turbine (Wolfgang Weiser, Unsplash)

• “Electricity Prices Fall Across Australia As Renewables Build Momentum” • As bulk power costs decline in Australia’s eastern states due to high renewable energy inputs, the price reductions are finally reaching the household and small business consumer. More than 400,000 small-scale storage systems have a stabilizing influence on the grid. [CleanTechnica]
• “Australia’s First 8-Hour Battery Gets Go-Ahead As 144 Tesla Megapacks Prepare To Transform The Grid” • Australia’s first eight-hour battery energy storage system has cleared a major hurdle. The project pairs 144 Tesla Megapacks with an existing solar farm in New South Wales, aiming to help keep electricity flowing long after sundown. [The Cool Down]
• “Turning Point For Power Market As Storage Is No Longer Optional” • Battery storage is becoming conventional and a critical element of the electricity system, according to a panel held at Belgrade Energy Forum. Countries in Southeastern Europe must show clarity and enable operators to participate in multiple markets. [Balkan Green Energy News]
• “Court Dismisses GE Vineyard Appeal” • A Massachusetts judge has rejected GE Vernova’s request to throw out a previous order requiring it to continue working on CIP-Iberdrola’s 806-MW Vineyard Wind 1 array off the coast of Massachusetts. Turbine supplier GE Vernova is required to continue maintaining and servicing the project. [reNews]

For more news, please visit geoharvey – Daily News about Energy and Climate Change.

Dalam konteks tersebut, sportsbook mobile menjadi solusi yang menawarkan kemudahan sekaligus tantangan baru bagi penyedia layanan. Tidak cukup hanya menghadirkan tampilan yang responsif, platform modern juga harus mampu memenuhi ekspektasi pengguna terkait performa, keamanan, serta kenyamanan navigasi.

Karakteristik Pengguna Aktif dalam Ekosistem Sportsbook Mobile

Untuk memahami mengapa sportsbook mobile semakin diminati, penting untuk mengenali karakteristik pengguna aktif saat ini.

Sebagian besar pengguna modern mengakses informasi olahraga secara real-time. Mereka mengikuti jadwal pertandingan, statistik pemain, berita terbaru, hingga perubahan odds dalam waktu yang hampir bersamaan. Aktivitas tersebut membutuhkan platform yang dapat memproses data secara cepat dan stabil.

Pengguna aktif juga cenderung melakukan multitasking. Mereka dapat memantau pertandingan sambil bekerja, bepergian, atau menjalankan aktivitas harian lainnya. Oleh karena itu, sportsbook yang ideal harus mampu memberikan pengalaman penggunaan yang ringan, cepat, dan tidak membebani perangkat.

Selain itu, kelompok pengguna ini biasanya memiliki tingkat ekspektasi yang lebih tinggi terhadap kualitas layanan. Mereka tidak hanya mencari variasi pertandingan, tetapi juga menginginkan fitur-fitur pendukung yang membantu pengambilan keputusan secara lebih efektif.

Faktor Penting yang Menentukan Kualitas Sportsbook Mobile 1. Kecepatan dan Stabilitas Sistem

Salah satu aspek paling krusial dalam sportsbook mobile adalah performa sistem.

Dalam dunia taruhan olahraga, perubahan odds dapat terjadi dalam hitungan detik. Keterlambatan sistem berpotensi menyebabkan pengguna kehilangan peluang yang dianggap menguntungkan. Oleh karena itu, platform yang mampu memproses transaksi secara cepat memiliki nilai lebih dibandingkan kompetitornya.

Stabilitas server juga menjadi indikator penting. Pengguna aktif cenderung mengakses platform pada jam-jam sibuk ketika pertandingan besar berlangsung. Jika sistem mengalami gangguan atau lambat merespons, tingkat kepuasan pengguna akan menurun secara signifikan.

2. Desain Antarmuka yang Efisien

Tampilan visual bukan sekadar persoalan estetika. Dalam sportsbook mobile, desain antarmuka berperan besar dalam meningkatkan efektivitas penggunaan.

Platform yang baik biasanya menerapkan navigasi sederhana dengan struktur menu yang mudah dipahami. Pengguna dapat menemukan pertandingan, pasar taruhan, serta informasi pendukung tanpa harus melalui banyak langkah.

Pendekatan ini sangat penting karena sebagian besar pengguna mobile mengoperasikan aplikasi dengan layar yang relatif terbatas. Semakin cepat informasi ditemukan, semakin tinggi pula tingkat kenyamanan pengguna.

3. Konsumsi Data dan Performa Aplikasi

Banyak pengguna aktif mengakses sportsbook melalui jaringan seluler saat berada di luar rumah atau kantor. Dalam kondisi tersebut, efisiensi penggunaan data menjadi faktor yang perlu diperhatikan.

Aplikasi yang terlalu berat dapat menguras kuota internet sekaligus mempercepat konsumsi daya baterai. Sebaliknya, sportsbook mobile yang dioptimalkan dengan baik mampu memberikan pengalaman lancar tanpa membebani perangkat pengguna.

Pentingnya Fitur Real-Time bagi Pengguna Aktif

Salah satu keunggulan utama sportsbook mobile modern adalah kemampuan menghadirkan informasi secara real-time.

Fitur ini mencakup pembaruan skor langsung, statistik pertandingan, perubahan odds, hingga notifikasi penting yang relevan dengan aktivitas pengguna. Kehadiran data real-time memungkinkan pengguna membuat keputusan berdasarkan informasi terkini.

Dari sudut pandang analitis, fitur ini tidak hanya meningkatkan kenyamanan tetapi juga memperkaya kualitas pengalaman pengguna. Akses terhadap data yang cepat membantu pengguna memahami dinamika pertandingan secara lebih komprehensif sebelum mengambil keputusan.

Keamanan sebagai Faktor Penentu Kepercayaan

Keamanan merupakan elemen yang tidak dapat dipisahkan dari kualitas sebuah sportsbook mobile.

Pengguna aktif umumnya melakukan berbagai aktivitas melalui perangkat yang sama, mulai dari transaksi keuangan hingga komunikasi pribadi. Karena itu, perlindungan data menjadi prioritas utama.

Platform yang kredibel biasanya menerapkan enkripsi data, autentikasi berlapis, serta sistem perlindungan akun yang memadai. Langkah-langkah tersebut bertujuan untuk meminimalkan risiko akses tidak sah dan menjaga kerahasiaan informasi pengguna.

Dari perspektif jangka panjang, tingkat keamanan yang tinggi berkontribusi langsung terhadap loyalitas pengguna. Semakin besar rasa aman yang dirasakan, semakin tinggi pula tingkat kepercayaan terhadap platform tersebut.

Analisis Keunggulan Sportsbook Mobile Dibanding Platform Konvensional

Jika dibandingkan dengan platform desktop tradisional, sportsbook mobile menawarkan sejumlah keunggulan yang relevan dengan gaya hidup modern.

Pertama, fleksibilitas akses memungkinkan pengguna tetap terhubung dengan berbagai pertandingan tanpa bergantung pada lokasi tertentu.

Kedua, notifikasi instan memberikan informasi penting secara cepat sehingga pengguna tidak perlu terus-menerus memantau aplikasi.

Ketiga, integrasi teknologi mobile memungkinkan pengalaman yang lebih personal melalui pengaturan preferensi, rekomendasi pertandingan, dan fitur kustomisasi lainnya.

Namun demikian, sportsbook mobile juga memiliki tantangan tersendiri, seperti keterbatasan ukuran layar dan kebutuhan optimasi performa yang lebih kompleks. Oleh karena itu, kualitas pengembangan aplikasi menjadi faktor yang sangat menentukan keberhasilan platform tersebut.

Masa Depan Sportsbook Mobile untuk Pengguna Modern

Melihat perkembangan teknologi saat ini, masa depan sportsbook mobile diperkirakan akan semakin mengarah pada pengalaman yang lebih personal dan berbasis data.

Pemanfaatan kecerdasan buatan, analisis statistik yang lebih mendalam, serta teknologi notifikasi yang lebih cerdas berpotensi meningkatkan kualitas interaksi antara pengguna dan platform. Selain itu, peningkatan jaringan internet berkecepatan tinggi akan mendukung penyajian informasi real-time yang semakin akurat dan cepat.

Bagi pengguna aktif, perkembangan ini membuka peluang untuk memperoleh pengalaman yang lebih efisien, informatif, dan nyaman dibandingkan sebelumnya.

Kesimpulan

Sportsbook mobile telah menjadi bagian penting dari evolusi industri taruhan olahraga digital. Bagi pengguna aktif yang mengutamakan mobilitas, kecepatan, dan akses instan, platform mobile menawarkan berbagai keunggulan yang sulit ditandingi oleh sistem konvensional.

Namun, kualitas sebuah sportsbook mobile tidak hanya ditentukan oleh ketersediaan aplikasi semata. Faktor seperti stabilitas sistem, kemudahan navigasi, fitur real-time, efisiensi performa, serta keamanan data menjadi elemen utama yang menentukan pengalaman pengguna secara keseluruhan.

Dalam lingkungan digital yang semakin kompetitif, sportsbook mobile yang mampu menggabungkan seluruh aspek tersebut akan memiliki peluang lebih besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pengguna modern yang terus berkembang.

For the construction of the technical and political foundations, a team of agroecology experts from the movements, representing all regions of Brazil, has been established.

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